{"id":12,"date":"2005-03-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-03-14T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elegans.uky.edu\/blog\/?p=12"},"modified":"2005-03-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2005-03-14T00:00:00","slug":"primate-life-spans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/?p=12","title":{"rendered":"Primate life spans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Googling for AcePerl tutorials (there has to be a better way to use AcePerl than what I\u00e2\u20ac\u2122ve been doing!) , I happened across a list of primate lifespans<\/a>. List has 239 primates. The winners are the great apes, with some monkeys having lifespans nearly as long, at a guess not really different given the sparsity of the data. Would be interesting to plot lifespans on a phylogram.<\/p>\n

The Life Spans of Nonhuman Primates<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nSpecies                                                   Life Span\n\t\nAllenopithecus nigroviridis (Allen's Swamp Monkey)        28 yrs. (1)\nAllocebus trichotis (Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur)             NA\nAlouatta belzebul (Red-handed Howler)                     NA\nAlouatta caraya (Black-and-gold Howler)                   20 yrs. (2)\nAlouatta coibensis (Coiba Island Howler)                  NA\nAlouatta fusca (Brown Howler)                             NA\nAlouatta palliata (Mantled Howler)                        20 yrs. (1)\nAlouatta pigra (Black Howler)                             20 yrs. (1)\nAlouatta sara (Bolivian Red Howler)                       NA\nAlouatta seniculus (Red Howler)                           25 yrs. (1)\nAotus nigriceps (Southern Red-necked Night Monkey)        20 yrs. (1)\nAotus trivigratus (Northern Gray-necked Owl Monkey)       20 yrs. (1)\nArctocebus aureus (Golden Angwantibo)                     13 yrs. (3)\nArctocebus calabarensis (Angwantibo)                      11 yrs. (1)\nAteles belzebuth (White-bellied Spider Monkey)            20 yrs. (1)\nAteles chamek (Black-faced Spider Monkey)                 40 yrs. (3)\nAteles fusciceps (Brown-headed Spider Monkey)             24 yrs. (1)\nAteles geoffroyi (Black-handed Spider Monkey)             48 yrs. (3)\nAteles marginatus (White-whiskered Spider Monkey)         NA\nAteles paniscus (Black Spider Monkey)                     33 yrs. (1)\nAvahi laniger (Woolly Lemur)                              NA\nBrachyteles arachnoides (Woolly Spider Monkey or\n    Muriqui)                                              30 yrs. (1)\nBunopithecus [Hylobates] hoolock (Hoolock                 42 yrs. (1)\n    or White-browed Gibbo\nCacajao calvus (Bald Uacari)                              20.1 yrs. (1)\nCacajao melanocephalus (Black-headed Uacari)              18 yrs. (2)\nCallicebus brunneus (Brown Titi Monkey)                   NA\nCallicebus caligatus (Chestnut-bellied Titi Monkey)       NA\nCallicebus cinerascens (Ashy Titi Monkey)                 NA\nCallicebus cupreus (Red Titi Monkey)                      NA\nCallicebus donacophilus (Bolivian Gray Titi Monkey)       NA\nCallicebus dubius (Titi Monkey)                           NA\nCallicebus hoffmannsi (Hoffman's Titi Monkey)             NA\nCallicebus modestus (Titi Monkey)                         NA\nCallicebus moloch (Dusky Titi Monkey)                     25 yrs. (2)\nCallicebus oenanthe (Andean Titi Monkey)                  NA\nCallicebus olallae (Beni Titi Monkey)                     NA\nCallicebus personatus (Masked Titi Monkey)                NA\nCallicebus torquatus (Collared Titi or Widow Monkey)      NA\nCallimico goeldii (Goeldi's Monkey)                       17.9 yrs. (1)\nCallithrix argentata (Bare-ear Marmoset)                  17 yrs. (2)\nCallithrix aurita (Buffy Tufted-eared Marmoset)           NA\nCallithrix flaviceps (Buffy-headed Marmoset)              NA\nCallithrix geoffroyi (Geoffroy's Tufted-eared Marmoset)   NA\nCallithrix humeralifer (Tassel-eared Marmoset)            15 yrs. (2)\nCallithrix jacchus (Common Marmoset)                      11.7 yrs. (1)\nCallithrix mauesi (Maues Marmoset)                        NA\nCallithrix penicillata (Black Tufted-eared Marmoset)      NA\nCallithrix pygmaea (Pygmy Marmoset)                       11.7 yrs. (1)\nCallthrix kuhlii (Wied's Tufted-eared Marmoset)           NA\nCallthrix nigriceps (Black-headed Marmoset)               NA\nCebus albifrons (White-fronted Capuchin)                  44 yrs. (1)\nCebus apella (Tufted or Brown Capuchin)                   40 yrs. (1)\nCebus capucinus (White-throated Capuchin)                 46.9 yrs. (1)\nCebus olivaceus (Weeper or Wedge-capped Capuchin)         NA\nCercocebus agilis (Agile Mangabey)                        NA\nCercocebus galeritus (Tana River Mangabey)                19 yrs. (1)\nCercocebus torquatus (White-collared Mangabey)            27 yrs. (1)\nCercocebus torquatus atys (Sooty Mangabey)                18 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus campbelli (Campbell's Guenon)               25 yrs. (2)\nCercopithecus cephus (Mustached Guenon)                   22 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus diana (Diana Monkey)                        34.8 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus dryas (Dryas Guenon)                        NA\nCercopithecus erythrogaster (White-throated Guenon)       NA\nCercopithecus erythrotis (Red-eared Guenon)               NA\nCercopithecus hamlyni (Owl-faced Monkey)                  27 yrs. (2)\nCercopithecus lhoesti (L'Hoest's Monkey)                  NA\nCercopithecus mitis (Blue Monkey)                         20 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus mona (Mona Monkey)                          22 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus neglectus (De Brazza's Monkey)              22 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus nictitans (Putty-nosed                      23 yrs. (2)\n     or Greater Spot-nosed Guenon)\nCercopithecus petaurista (Lesser Spot-nosed Guenon)       19 yrs. (2)\nCercopithecus pogonias (Crowned Guenon)                   20 yrs. (1)\nCercopithecus preussi (Preuss's Monkey)                   NA\nCercopithecus sclateri (Sclater's Guenon)                 NA\nCercopithecus solatus (Sun-tailed Guenon)                 NA\nCercopithecus wolfi (Wolf's Guenon)                       NA\nCheirogaleus major (Greater Dwarf Lemur)                  8.8 yrs. (1)\nCheirogaleus medius (Fat-tailed Dwarf Lemur)              19 yrs. (2)\nChiropotes albinasus (White-nosed Bearded Saki)           12 yrs. (2)\nChiropotes satanas (Bearded Saki)                         15 yrs. (1)\nChlorocebus aethiops (Vervet, Grivet, or Green Monkey)    31 yrs. (1)\nColobus angolensis (Angolan Black-and-white Colobus)      NA\nColobus guereza (Abyssinian, Guereza, or\n    Eastern Black-and-white Colobus)                      22.2 yrs. (1)\nColobus polykomos (King or Western Black-and-white\n    Colobus)                                              30.5 yrs. (1)\nColobus satanas (Black Colobus)                           NA\nColobus vellerosus (Geoffroy's or White-thighed\n    Black-and-white colobus)                              NA\nDaubentonia madagascariensis (Aye-aye)                    24 yrs. (2)\nErythrocebus patas (Patas Monkey)                         21.6 yrs. (1)\nEulemur coronatus (Crowned Lemur)                         NA\nEulemur fulvus (Brown Lemur)                              30.8 yrs. (1)\nEulemur macaco (Black Lemur)                              27.1 yrs. (1)\nEulemur mongoz (Mongoose Lemur)                           <26 yrs.  (4)\nEulemur rubriventer (Red-bellied Lemur)                   NA\nEuoticus elegantulus (Southern Needle-clawed Bush Baby)   NA\nEuoticus pallidus (Northern Needle-clawed Bush Baby)      NA\nGalago alleni (Allen's Bush Baby)                         12 yrs. (1)\nGalago gallarum (Somali Bush Baby)                        NA\nGalago matschiei (Matschie's Bush Baby)                   NA\nGalago moholi (Southern Lesser Bush Baby)                 16 yrs. (1)\nGalago senegalensis (Northern Lesser Bush Baby)           16 yrs. (1)\nGalagoides demidoff (Demidoff's Bush Baby)                13 yrs. (1)\nGalagoides thomasi (Thomas's Bush Baby)                   NA\nGalagoides zanzibaricus (Zanzibar Bush Baby)              16.5 yrs. (3)\nGorilla gorilla beringei (Mountain Gorilla)               40-50 yrs. (1)\nGorilla gorilla gorilla (Western Lowland Gorilla)         50 yrs. (1)\nGorilla gorilla graueri (Eastern Lowland Gorilla)         NA\nHapalemur aureus (Golden Bamboo Lemur)                    NA\nHapalemur griseus (Lesser Bamboo Lemur)                   17 yrs. (2)\nHapalemur simus (Greater Bamboo Lemur)                    NA\nHylobates agilis (Dark-handed or Agile Gibbon)            32 yrs. (1)\nHylobates klossi  (Kloss's Gibbon)                        NA\nHylobates lar (White-handed Gibbon)                       44 yrs. (1)\nHylobates moloch (Silvery Javan Gibbon)                   35 yrs. (1)\nHylobates muelleri (Mueller's Bornean Gray Gibbon)        47 yrs. (1)\nHylobates pileatus (Pileated or Capped Gibbon)            39 yrs. (1)\nIndri indri (Indri)                                       NA\nKasi [Trachypithecus] vetulus (Purple-faced Leaf Monkey)  8 yrs. (4)\nKasi [Trachypithecus] johnii (Nilgiri Langur)             NA\nLagothrix flavicauda (Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey)        NA\nLagothrix lagotricha (Woolly Monkey)                      25.9 yrs. (1)\nLemur catta (Ring-tailed Lemur)                           27 yrs. (1)\nLeontopithecus caissara (Black-faced Lion Tamarin)        NA\nLeontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-headed Lion Tamarin)   NA\nLeontopithecus chrysopygus (Black Lion Tamarin)           NA\nLeontopithecus rosalia (Golden Lion Tamarin)              24 yrs. (2)\nLepilemur dorsalis (Gray-backed Sportive Lemur)           NA\nLepilemur edwardsi (Milne-Edwards' Sportive Lemur)        NA\nLepilemur leucopus (White-footed Sportive Lemur)          NA\nLepilemur microdon (Small-toothed Sportive Lemur)         NA\nLepilemur mustelinus (Weasel Sportive Lemur)              NA\nLepilemur ruficaudatus (Red-tailed Sportive Lemur)        NA\nLepilemur septentrionalis (Northern Sportive Lemur)       NA\nLophocebus albigena (Gray-cheeked Mangabey)               32.6 yrs. (1)\nLophocebus aterrimus (Black Mangabey)                     32.7 yrs. (3)\nLoris tardigradus (Slender Loris)                         15 yrs. (1)\nMacaca arctoides (Stump-tailed Macaque)                   30 yrs. (1)\nMacaca assamensis (Assamese Macaque)                      NA\nMacaca cyclopis (Formosan Rock Macaque)                   NA\nMacaca fascicularis (Long-tailed, Crab-eating or\n    Cynomolgus Macaque)                                   37.1 yrs. (1)\nMacaca fuscata (Japanese Macaque)                         33 yrs. (1)\nMacaca maura (Celebes Moor Macaque)                       NA\nMacaca mulatta (Rhesus Macaque)                           29 yrs. (1)\nMacaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque)                    26.3 yrs. (1)\nMacaca nigra (Celebes or Crested Black)                   18 yrs. (1)\nMacaca ochreata (Booted Macaque)                          NA\nMacaca radiata (Bonnet Macaque)                           30 yrs. (1)\nMacaca silenus (Lion-tailed Macaque)                      38 yrs. (1)\nMacaca sinica (Toque Macaque)                             30 yrs. (1)\nMacaca sylvanus (Barbary Macaque)                         22 yrs. (1)\nMacaca thibetana (Tibetan Macaque)                        20 yrs. (1)\nMacaca tonkeana (Tonkean Macaque)                         NA\nMandrillus leucophaeus (Drill)                            46 yrs. (4)\nMandrillus sphinx (Mandrill)                              46.3 yrs. (1)\nMicrocebus coquereli (Coquerel's Dwarf Lemur)             15 yrs. (2)\nMicrocebus murinus (Gray Mouse Lemur)                     15.5 yrs. (1)\nMicrocebus myoxinus (Pygmy Mouse Lemur)                   NA\nMicrocebus rufus (Brown Mouse Lemur)                      NA\nMiopithecus talapoin (Dwarf Guenon or Southern\n    Talapoin Monkey)                                      27.7 yrs. (1)\nNasalis [Nasalis] larvatus (Proboscis Monkey)             21 yrs. (2)\nNomascus [Hylobates] leucogenys (Chinese\n    White-cheeked Gibbon)                                 28 yrs. (1)\nNomascus [Hylobates] gabriellae (Golden-cheeked Gibbon)   46 yrs. (1)\nNycticebus coucang (Slow Loris)                           20 yrs. (1)\nNycticebus pygmaeus (Pygmy Loris)                         20 yrs. (1)\nOtolemur crassicaudatus (Thick-tailed Greater Bush Baby)  15 yrs. (1)\nOtolemur garnettii (Garnett's Greater Bush Baby)          15 yrs. (1)\nPan paniscus (Bonobo or Pygmy Chimpanzee)                 40 yrs. (1)\nPan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)                              53 yrs. (1)\nPapio hamadryas anubis (Olive Baboon)                     30-45 yrs. (1)\nPapio hamadryas cynocephalus (Yellow Baboon)              40 yrs. (1)\nPapio hamadryas hamadryas (Hamadryas Baboon)              35.6 yrs. (1)\nPapio hamadryas papio (Guinea Baboon)                     40 yrs. (1)\nPapio hamadryas ursinus (Chacma Baboon)                   45 yrs. (1)\nPerodicticus potto (Potto)                                26 yrs. (1)\nPhaner furcifer (Fork-marked Lemur)                       12 yrs. (2)\nPiliocolobus [Procolobus] pennantii (Pennant's Red\n    Colobus)                                              NA\nPiliocolobus [Procolobus] preussi (Preuss's Red Colobus)  NA\nPiliocolobus [Procolobus] rufomitratus (Tana River\n    Red Colobus)                                          NA\nPiliocolobus [Procolobus] baduis (Western Red Colobus)    NA\nPithecia aequatorialis (Equatorial Saki)                  NA\nPithecia albicans (Buffy Saki)                            NA\nPithecia irrorata (Bald-faced Saki)                       NA\nPithecia monachus (Monk Saki)                             25 yrs. (2)\nPithecia pithecia (White-faced Saki)                      35 yrs. (3)\nPongo abelii (Sumatran Orangutan)                         >50 yrs. (1)\nPongo pygmaeus (Borneo Orangutan)                         59 yrs. (1)\nPresbytis comata (Grizzled Leaf Monkey)                   NA\nPresbytis femoralis (Banded Leaf Monkey)                  NA\nPresbytis frontata (White-fronted Leaf Monkey)            NA\nPresbytis hosei (Hose's Leaf Monkey)                      NA\nPresbytis melalophos (Mitered Leaf Monkey)                16 yrs. (2)\nPresbytis potenziani (Mentawai Island Leaf Monkey)        NA\nPresbytis rubicunda (Maroon Leaf Monkey)                  NA\nPresbytis thomasi (Thomas's Leaf Monkey)                  NA\nProcolobus [Procolobus] verus (Olive Colobus)             NA\nPropithecus diadema (Diademed Sifaka)                     20 yrs. (1)\nPropithecus tattersalli (Golden-crowned Sifaka)           NA\nPropithecus verreauxi (Verreaux's Sifaka)                 20 yrs. (2)\nPygathrix [Pygathrix] nemaeus (Red-shanked Douc Langur)   >30 yrs. (1)\nPygathrix [Pygathrix] nigripes (Black-shanked Douc\n    Langur)                                               NA\nRhinopithecus [Pygathrix) roxellana\n(Sichuan Golden Snub-nosed Monkey)                        NA\nRhinopithecus [Pygathrix] avunculus (Tonkin\n    Snub-nosed Monkey)                                    NA\nRhinopithecus [Pygathrix] bieti (Black or Yunnan\n    Snub-nosed Monkey)                                    NA\nRhinopithecus [Pygathrix] brelichi (Guizhou\n    Snub-nosed Monkey)                                    NA\nSaguinus bicolor (Bare-faced Tamarin)                     8 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus fuscicollis (Saddleback Tamarin)                 24 yrs. (2)\nSaguinus geoffroyi (Red-crested Tamarin)                  13 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus imperator (Emperor Tamarin)                      17 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus inustus (Mottled-face Tamarin)                   NA\nSaguinus labiatus (Red-bellied Tamarin)                   NA\nSaguinus leucopus (Silvery-brown Bare-faced Tamarin)      NA\nSaguinus midas (Golden-handed Tamarin)                    13.2 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus mystax (Mustached Tamarin)                       12-20 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus nigricollis (Spix's Black-mantled Tamarin)       13.9 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus oedipus (Cotton-top Tamarin)                     13.5 yrs. (1)\nSaguinus tripartitus (Golden-mantled Saddleback Tamarin)  6 yrs. (1)\nSaimiri boliviensis (Bolivian Squirrel Monkey)            NA\nSaimiri oerstedii (Red-backed Squirrel Monkey)            NA\nSaimiri sciureus (Common Squirrel Monkey)                 21 yrs. (1)\nSaimiri ustus (Golden-backed Squirrel Monkey)             NA\nSaimiri vanzolinii (Black Squirrel Monkey)                NA\nSemnopithecus entellus (Hanuman Langur)                   20 yrs. (1)\nSimias [Nasalis] concolor (Pig-tailed Langur)             NA\nSymphalangus [Hylobates] syndactylus (Siamang)            35yrs. (1)\nTarsius bancanus (Western Tarsier)                        8-12 yrs. (1)\nTarsius pumilus (Pygmy Tarsier)                           NA\nTarsius spectrum (Spectral Tarsier)                       12 yrs. (1)\nTarsius syrichta (Phillippine Tarsier)                    13.5 yrs. (1)\nTarsius dianae (Dian's Tarsier)                           NA\nTheropithecus gelada (Gelada Baboon)                      19.2 yrs. (1)\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] auratus (Ebony Langur)    NA\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] cristatus (Silvered\n    Langur)                                               31 yrs. (3)\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] delacouri (Delacour's\n    Langur)                                               NA\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] francoisi (Francois's\n    Langur)                                               <20 yrs. (4)\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] geei (Golden Langur)      NA\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] obscurus (Dusky or\n    Spectacled Leaf Monkey)                               NA\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] phayrei (Phayre's Leaf\n    Monkey)                                               NA\nTrachypithecus [Trachypithecus] pileatus (Capped Leaf\n    Monkey)                                               NA\nVarecia variegatus (Ruffed Lemur)                         19 yrs. (1)\n<\/pre>\n
 Numbers in parenthesus following lifespans refer to the following references:<\/p>\n
1. Rowe, Noel. The Pictorial Guide to Living Primates. Pogonias Press, East Hampton, New York, 1996.
\n2. Hakeem A., et al. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. 4th ed. Birren, J.E., Schaie, K.W., Editors. San Diego:
\nAcademic Press. 1996.
\n3. Nowak, R. Walker\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Primates of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1999.
\n4. American Association of Zoo Keepers Greater San Francisco Bay Area Chapter. Biological Values for Selected
\nMammals. Topeka: AAZK. 1992. 3rd ed. Pgs: v, 481<\/p>\n
*The data presented here is taken from the secondary sources listed above and users are advised to consult primary
\nsources before citing this information. According to Rowe (1996, p. 6), \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Species life span is given in years and
\nmeasures the maximum amount of time between birth and death rather than an average.\u00e2\u20ac\u009d However, life span
\ninformation varies, as might be expected, from source to source. Moreover, the information provided is drawn mainly
\nfrom reports on captive animals. While it is generally assumed that captive animals will live longer than animals in
\nthe wild, because of the consistent care and support provided in laboratory or zoo settings, according to Hakeem
\net al.:<\/p>\n
\u00e2\u20ac\u0153We have very little information on the longevity of primates in the wild,
\nbecause this requires sustained observations of wild populations for many
\ndecades. One of our concerns in using life spans of captive animals was that
\nthey might vary greatly from the species \u00e2\u20ac\u201d maximum life span in the wild; one
\nmight think that primates living in zoos would have longer maximum life spans
\nthan those living in the wild. The few very long-term studies of primates
\nliving under natural conditions indicate, however, that some individuals do live
\ninto extreme old age in the wild. Long-term observational data suggest that
\nthe maximum life spans for zoo-living and wild primates may be about the
\nsame (p. 78-9).\u00e2\u20ac\u009d<\/p>\n
Anyone who would like to contribute verifiable information about nonhuman primate life spans \u00e2\u20ac\u201d especially for those
\nwhere information is not provided (NA) \u00e2\u20ac\u201d should contact Ray Hamel at hamel@primate.wisc.edu.<\/p>\n
Information compiled by Derek Johnson. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Googling for AcePerl tutorials (there has to be a better way to use AcePerl than what I\u00e2\u20ac\u2122ve been doing!) , I happened across a list of primate lifespans. List has 239 primates. The winners are the great apes, with some monkeys having lifespans nearly as long, at a guess not really different given the sparsity […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aging"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jimlund.org\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}