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Archive for the ‘Books’ Category

App game idea

Friday, February 15th, 2013

Flip it

This game board is an array of tiles. The tiles have letters. The game play involves flipping a pair of letters, as if the two tiles can move through the screen on the axis that connects them. In any case, they move switches them. The goal is to rearrange the tiles to spell words.
Move:

cat --flip c:a--> act
dog ------------> dog

cat --flip c:d--> dat
dog ------------> cog

The game can be played different sized boards, and with boards with cutouts.
Variation 1: Have the tiles have both color and a letter, to distinguish common letters.
Variation 2: Have the tiles be two sided, so that flipping them exposes the other sides.

What is interesting about this is that it is a class of games easy to implement in the computer but which is hard or impossible to implement as a physical game. There is a whole class of variations on pen and pencil or board games that haven’t been tried because of this!

Book review: Dreaming Metal

Sunday, March 20th, 2011

Dreaming Metal by Melissa Scott (1997).

No word cloud for this book, it isn’t on the net.

This book is a sequel to Dreamships (1992). I haven’t read Dreamships and as this book is clearly a sequel that left some gaps in this book. I didn’t know it was a sequel when I started it, but it is very clear.

That said, I enjoyed Dreaming Metal immensely. It’s one of the best written and most original books I’ve read in quite a while. The setting, an human settled world, is very interesting–complex, and yet very foreign and intriguingly different from the societies in most sf.

There is a lot that is not explained–Scott doesn’t give one of those top down explanations of the society, and the plot runs at the mid level of the society. I don’t know how much of this is covered in the first book of the series, I hope it handles it similarly. And interestingly, it’s not clear what the political system is. The characters are free to act within the plot, but there appear to be limits, different from the US, but not clear because the story isn’t about that, and the characters don’t butt up against them.

This book is about AI and music. It posits a world where AI is rare but crops up now and then, and it is considered inevitable but not predictable. It is very well written and Celinde Fortune is a great character. As described, the future of music sounds great. Also, deafness is common on Persephone, and signing and other physical performance is a integral part of the music.

Melissa Scott only wrote these two books in this universe.

Book review: Parasite Rex

Tuesday, March 1st, 2011

Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature’s Most Dangerous Creatures by Carl Zimmer.

Great book. About parasites. What they are, the recent discovery of how big a role they have in ecosystems, how they live, how they have jumped from animal to animal, and of course, which ones afflict people.

Several chapters describe a range of human parasites in amazing and often frightening detail. From botfly larvae to liver flukes, malaria’s Plasmodium to the nematodes that parasitize humans. There is some discussion of microbial parasites, but most of the book covers metazoan parasites. Zimmer tells the stories of some of these parasites–how they find their way to people, what they do once they arrive in a new host, how they escape detection, and the course of the disease. The story of how several parasites were discovered, how they were identified and followed through their changes of form and host are told. And there are pictures!

Word cloud of Parasite Rex by Carl_Zimmer

Book review: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies

Tuesday, February 1st, 2011

Pride and Prejudice and Zombies by Seth Smith & Jane Austen (2009)

Great first line, it had to be polished, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains.”

I haven’t read Jane Austen’s novel. This one I found quite enjoyable. Without zombies and katanas I suspect it would be a bit tedious. Everyone is happy in the end, except for those who deserve it and the people who turn into zombies.

Pride_and_Prejedice_and_Zombies

Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality

Saturday, October 9th, 2010

Great Harry Potter fan fiction. Harry Potter reimagined as a rationalist encountering Rowling’s world of magic.

Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality PDF

The creepy imagery of Beck’s book

Tuesday, September 14th, 2010

Shakepeare’s Sister posted on the very cover of The Overton Window, a thriller by Glenn Beck. I haven’t read it, but the plot is described as weak Randianism dumped in a Mixmaster with a thrillerish suppression of conservatives by the establishment and counterrevolution story.

Cover of The Overton Window

He points out the the Statue of Liberty has been turned into a man. But it gets odder than that!

Statue of Liberty

The other really strange thing is the viewpoint. It’s the back of the statue. And it’s been turned to face Manhattan. Why? I did a search of pictures of the Statue of Liberty and none of the first hundred were a back view. All showed the face, either full on or from the side to include Manhattan. I don’t know what to make of it, but it creeps me out!

Reading The China Study

Monday, August 9th, 2010

Notes while reading The China Study by T. Colin Campbell, Ph.D. and Thomas M. Campbell II (2006).

Does a book need both a gushing Preface and a gushing Forward?

Introduction
p2. “Drugs and surgery don’t cure the diseases that kill most Ameri-
cans.” –True by definition, funny.

Makes a strong set of claims:

Some of the findings, published in the most reputable scientific jour-
nals, show that:
• Dietary change can enable diabetic patients to go off their medication.
• Heart disease can be reversed with diet alone.
• Breast cancer is related to levels of female hormones in the blood, which are determined by the food we eat.
• Consuming dairy foods can increase the risk of prostate cancer.
• Antioxidants, found in fruits and vegetables, are linked to better mental performance in old age.
• Kidney stones can be prevented by a healthy diet.
• Type 1 diabetes, one of the most devastating diseases that can befall a child, is convincingly linked to infant feeding practices.

Based in what I’ve read before, there’s good evidence for claim 1 for many patients, and claim 2 may be true. I haven’t heard claims 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 before.

” …the War on Cancer, launched in the 1970s, has been a miserable failure.” –Cancer hasn’t been cured/prevented, but for many cancers the treatments are much better. There’s been a lot of progress.

“Half of Americans have a health problem that requires taking a prescription drug every
week.” –I’m not happy calling this a failure. Living with treatment is better than dying, and many people are on drugs to slow the progression of disease, e.g. diabetes and cholesterol drugs. Not an ideal situation, not complete cures, but still a good thing, not itself a sign of poor health in the population.

“One third of the young people in this country are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight.” –Certainly a huge and worsening problem.

Cool, the older Campbell worked with Clive McCay, the guy who discovered caloric restriction extends lifespan!

p6. “In fact, dietary protein proved to be so powerful in its effect that we could turn on and turn off cancer growth simply by changing the level consumed.” –It will be interesting to see what kind of evidence there is for this and how broadly applicable this result is, especially the casein results.

p7. ” …this project eventually produced more than 8,000 statistically significant associations between various dietary factors and disease!” –I’ve never seen a study that collected enough parameters to do this many tests. How unusual.

Part I.
Chapter 1

p11. ‘”He who does not know food, how can he understand the diseases of man?” -Hippocrates, the father of medicine (460–357 B.C.) ” –<snark>Hippocrates did not understand disease.</snark>

p12. “Vascular (arteries and heart) health is possible without life-threatening surgery and without potentially lethal drugs.” –To a certain extent, for some people, unless this book has big surprises.

p13. “The rates at which we die from cancer are among the highest in the world, and it has been getting worse (Chart 1.1).” –OMG, Chart 1.1 is crappy. Drawn unintelligibly. And looking ahead, unreadable charts are the book’s style. Paging Dr. Tufte! On to the substance of the chart–what the authors need to make their point is cancer incidence and death rates by age. For example, if the heart disease treatments are leading to people living longer, cancer death rates will go up for innocuous reasons. A different and better chart is required to show what the authors want to show.

p13. “Adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle can prevent the majority of cancers in the
United States.” –Wow, the Campbells are promising a way of cutting cancer incidence by 50%. Got to read this!

p15. “The most dramatic recent finding is that heart disease can be
prevented and even reversed by a healthy diet.9, 10” The refs here are to Dean Ornish et. al., 1990 and Esselstyn et. al, 1995. Ornish’s paper showed a 20% improvement in 80% of the 28 people with heart disease in the study. Esselstyn’s paper showed that a very low fat diet combined with drugs kept heart disease from progressing in the 11 people (out of 22) who stayed on the diet. Esselstyn’s 12-year followup study paper on these patients reports that all (or all but 1?) of them have not had a heart attack or required surgery. Very good results, but also very small groups of patients studied.

p15. ” …a recent article by Barbara Starfield, M,D., stating that physician error, medication error and adverse events from drugs or surgery kill 225,400 people per year (Chart 1.5).” –True, but misleading. These are very sick people, and while medical errors may speed their death, many were not going to live long in any case. Every game of Tetris ends with a mistake. People sick enough to need hospital care face many risks, medical errors are just the most ironic risk.

p17. “If nutrition were better understood, and prevention and natural treatments were more accepted in the medical community, we would not be pouring so many toxic, potentially lethal drugs into our bodies at the last stage of disease.” –This is an odd statement. Disease delayed, fewer drugs over the course of a lifetime, but very sick people would still be treated aggressively.

p17. “What is all the extra financing buying? Is it creating health” –I think the Campbells conflate overall spending with the quality of the medical care. Yes, the figures they cite do show that the US spends way too much for the health care it receives, but this doesn’t mean the care is the problem. And on measures of overall, population health care outcomes the US score poorly, but that’s because many people in the US don’t get health care until an ambulance drops them at the hospital door and then they get booted out when they can walk, in a thumbnail. The authors are aiming to make the point that state-of-the-art US medicine is worse than the medicine practiced in other Western nations, and this line of evidence can’t really speak to it.

p20. “Often, investigating minute biochemical parts of food and trying to reach broad conclusions about diet and health leads to contradictory results.” –Scientists often do very specific studies, but they don’t jump to making dietary recommendations from them. That’s BS. Crappy newspaper articles and crank diet books do this, it can’t be hung on the scientists.

As a field, human nutrition is difficult; results are often weak, often contradictory, often only hold true for the particular group of people studied because the results depend on characteristics of the study population. It is also difficult to determine what to measure. What is health, what do you measure? How long does the study go on? Different measures can give different results.

p24. “Those fed the low-animal protein diet exercised substantially more, with less fatigue, than those fed the type of diet that most of us eat.” –Interesting, though what is the outcome in humans? The authors don’t provide a reference. I hope that Chittenden’s small studies a century ago aren’t best data.

p24. “Fewer people would need to wage lengthy, expensive battles with chronic disease in hospitals over their last years of life.” –Best case, people still will get old and die of *something*.

Chapter 2

p32. “During the 1960s and 1970s, I was to hear over and over again about a so-called “protein gap” in the developing world.4″ –Malnutrition used to be very common in Western countries and still is in many world regions. The historic common form of chronic malnutrition is protein-poor diets–people living mainly on grain and starches, and often barely enough of that. The problem was and is real.

p32. “The u.s. government was subsidizing the production of dried milk powder to provide high-quality protein for the world’s poor.” –A truly terrible program with well-documented destructive results. I guess that what comes from a program that starts with a need to dispose of price-supported surplus milk.

p33. “He went on to say that the” … supply of adequate quantities of animal products is generally recognized as being an ideal way to improve world protein nutrition.”” –With the traditional Western diet including a lot of animal protein, I think the default thinking was to help by adding the ‘missing’ animal products to the diets malnourished people.

p37. “At that time, a research paper from India surfaced in an obscure medical journal.13 It was an experiment involving liver cancer and protein consumption in two groups of laboratory rats.” –In 1968 when this paper came out, cancer was very poorly understood. It wasn’t understood what caused it or how it developed. Aflatoxin and other mutagens were used as tools to investigate cancer. What made them useful is that they were simple chemicals that would produce very high rates of specific cancers.

p39-41. “CORRELATION VERSUS CAUSATION. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE. MECHANISMS OF ACTION. METANALYSIS.” –Here the authors describe various types of proof. With human studies, I like to see studies finding a correlation with statistical significance. I want to see several groups test the same hypothesis studying different groups of people. This provides evidence for causation, that the theory is true and that some weird aspect of the original study that the authors didn’t think of doesn’t account for the result. Results must have a plausible mechanism of action, and ideally the steps in the mechanism have been determined in detail. I find metanalysis typically worthless–it can be done well but often isn’t, so I prefer to read the studies and combine their results using my own judgment.

Chapter 3

p50. “But just like seeds in the soil, the initial cancer cells will not grow and multiply unless the right conditions are met.” –This model for cancer is simplified, but as I understand it this is a simplified model of afflatoxin-promoted cancer. There are other models, other paths that lead to cancer. Also, diet can affect initiation as well as the other phases, and mutagens, both ingested chemicals and those produced in the body’s cells, can speed the the other phases of cancer development.

Also, the terminology here is a bit old fashioned–I would call promotion the precancerous and benign/primary tumor stage, and progression is usually split up into malignant and then metastasizing stages. There are more detailed clinical descriptions of cancer stages, and they are specific to each type of cancer. Also, different cancers have different natures–some rarely jump from benign to worse stages, others quickly and relentlessly worsen. It’s hard to talk briefly about cancer, especially in book for a general audience, the authors are doing fine here.

p50. “At the start of our research, the stages of cancer formation were known only in vague outline.” –It’s really remarkable how ignorant we were about cancer in 1970. When Nixon declared War on Cancer, we didn’t even know how much there was to learn–how hard a nut cancer was.

p51. ” …the mixed function oxidase (MFa).” –This is complex of enzymes commonly known as the P450s.

p53. “From our extensive research, one idea seemed to be clear: lower protein intake dramatically decreased tumor initiation.” –By itself, this seems like the least interesting part of the story. It is specific to aflatoxin. A different mutagen could cause more mutations on a low protein diet. The effects described next, on cancer progression seem more general–more likely apply to different cancer causes.

p54. “By watching foci develop and measuring how many there are and how big they become,32 we could learn indirectly how tumors also develop and what effect protein might have.” The 70’s and early 80’s were the heyday of culture studies. It was the hot new tech burning up biology.

p58. “The most significant finding of this experiment was this: foci developed only when the animals met or exceeded the amount of dietary protein (12%) needed to satisfy their body growth rate.39” –OK, so this gives an idea what this level of protein means for the animal. Another complicating factor is that the Campbell’s experiments were done on immature, still growing rats.

p58. “This is considerably more than the actual amount required. But because requirements may vary from individual to individual, 10% dietary protein is recommended to insure adequate intake for virtually all people.” –Campbell is headed toward a low protein diet recommendation, and this is going to make a low protein recommendation for humans tricky. A protein level low enough to be effective but high enough to have few side effects is desired, but how wide is this window, and how much does it vary from person to person?

p59. “CHART 3.7: AFLATOXIN DOSE-FOCI RESPONSE” –I understand the need to simplify in a pop science book, but what is the y-axis measuring? From the Campbell papers, it could be foci number or size, or a combined measure.

p59. “Gluten, the protein of wheat, did not produce the same result as casein, even when fed at the same 20% level.” –Abstract here. The idea here is that the plant protein has a imbalance of amino acids ‘low quality protein’, and that the amount of protein usable by the body is lower than the amount ingested.

p61. “This was a virtual 100 to 0 score, something almost never seen in research and almost identical to the original research in India.16” –This is encouraging. The results hold for full cancer development and in adult animals.

p63. “The adjoining graph (Chart 3.1147) shows the expression (activity) of two HBV genes that cause cancer inserted in the mouse liver. Both the picture and the graph show the same thing: the 22% casein diet turned on expression of the viral gene to cause cancer, whereas the 6% casein diet showed almost no such activity. ” –Just like for aflatoxin, dietary protein has an effect on both initiation and progression. Here initiation occurs through a different mechanism.

p64. “This research showed that increasing intakes of casein promoted the development of mammary (breast) cancer” –Results hold for a second type of cancer when two different mutagens are used. Encouraging.

p66. “The idea that nutrients primarily affect tumor development during promotion was beginning to appear to be a general property of nutrition and cancer relationships.” –Interesting.

p66. “Furthermore, a pattern was beginning to emerge: nutrients from animal-based foods increased tumor development while nutrients from plant-based foods decreased tumor development.” –The evidence presented by the authors doesn’t support such a broad generalization. Past the dietary protein results, the evidence gets messy. There are studies showing some plant nutrients decrease cancer, some increase cancer, most have little or no effect. Campbell’s own study earlier on the page is an example of this.

Chapter 4 The core of the book!

p73. “The sixty-five counties selected for the study were located in rural to semi-rural parts of China. This was intentionally done because we wanted to study people who mostly lived and ate food in the same area for most of their lives. This was a successful strategy, as we were to learn than an average of 90-94% of the adult subjects in each county still
lived in the same county where they were born.”

p74. “For example, blood cholesterol ranged-as county averages-from highest to lowest almost twofold, blood beta-carotene about ninefold, blood lipids about threefold, fat intake about sixfold and fiber intake about fivefold.” –I haven’t a copy of the study book, Diet, Life-style and Mortality in China (1990), but I expect that one thing fuzzing the Chinese data is that people were sampled once, and so seasonal dietary changes will look like absolute differences.

p75. ” In effect, we are comparing, within the Chinese range, diets rich in plant-based foods to diets very rich in plant-based foods. In almost all other studies, all of which are Western, scientists are comparing diets rich in animal-based foods to diets very rich in animal-based foods.”

p77. ” Because these diseases of affluence are so tightly linked to eating habits, diseases of affluence might be better named “diseases of nutritional extravagance.” –Activity levels are also different and known to be a factor as well.

p78. “In the U.s., our range is around 170-290 mg/dL. Our low values are near the high values for rural China.”

p79. “I learned from three very prominent heart disease researchers and physicians, Drs.
Bill Castelli, Bill Roberts and Caldwell Esselstyn, Jr., that in their long careers they had never seen a heart disease fatality among their patients who had blood cholesterol levels below 150 mgldL.” –Interesting, and there’s certainly a lot of data for a correlation between blood cholesterol and heart disease, but this is statement is anecdotal.

p80. “Several studies have now shown, in both experimental animals and in humans, that consuming animal-based protein increases blood cholesterol levels.15-18”

p80. “We expected that when animal protein consumption and blood cholesterol levels were as low as they are in rural China, there would be no further association with the Western diseases. But we were wrong. Even these small amounts of animal-based food in rural China raised the risk for Western diseases.”

p81. ” In more recent decades, some might also mention the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy or high-fiber bran products, but few will say that animal protein has anything to do with blood cholesterol levels.” –Few docs will separate them out, but as animal protein is the primary dietary source there isn’t much need to. A diet designed to have very low cholesterol (lower than typical recommended diets today) is a diet less animal protein and lower total protein.

p82. ” The details that underlie these questions, when considered in isolation, are very misleading. As you shall see, considering how networks of chemicals behave instead of isolated single chemicals is far more meaningful.” –This seems to me more a matter a practicalities than preference. There are too many nutritional factors to study all of them together as a network. Practically, we can only study 1) factors in isolation, and in this was many factors have been studied in depth, or 2) combinations , i.e. particular diets, but only a few of them. Both approaches have been productive. Neither has identified (one or more) optimum human diet that people are willing to eat.

p84. “These studies showed that people who migrated from one area to another and who started eating the typical diet of their new residency assumed the disease risk of the area to which they moved.”

p85. ” … concluded that only 2-3% of all cancers could be attributed to genes.4″ –I can’t get hold of this 1981 study. It’s hard to guess what is meant by this–I can think of several different possibilities–or how well the figure has held up. Outdated, certainly.

Cryoburn, new Miles Vorkosigan book by Lois McMaster Bujold

Thursday, August 5th, 2010

A new Miles Vorkosigan book by Lois McMaster Bujold is coming out in November. It’s called Cryoburn.
Cryoburn cover

It looks like a local story, not changing the larger arc of the series. The series is at an interesting point. Early on, it was heading toward having Miles by the key player in the Barrayar/Cetaganda war that seems to be developing.

Then the series changed direction. There was a small Barrayar/Cetaganda border skirmish in The Vor Game. Then in Cetaganda, Bujold gave indications that the Cetagandan empire wouldn’t be aggressively expanding. When Miles got permanently discharged from the military that seemed to be the end of the war plot direction.

So what’s next? Bujold could stop writing this series. But I’m a fan, and like a vampire want more, always more from the author. So I see one main possibility–aliens! Perhaps the Cetagandans run into hostile BEMs in the far reaches of the empire and the reaction wave runs into Barrayar space. Cetagandan fleets retreating through through the other planet’s wormholes stir things up, or the plot that develops slower, the Cetagandans reaching out for help.

Or the Barrayarans or Miles encounters the aliens himself. The Vorkosigan books are set in a human universe, so any alien plot would also have first contact overtones.

Book review: Flight of the Dragonfly (Rocheworld)

Saturday, May 22nd, 2010

Flight of the Dragonfly (Rocheworld) by Robert L. Forward (1984). A hard sf book about a one way expedition to Barnard’s Star, the second closest star system to Earth. A team of sixteen travels to the star by way of a light sail pushed by a terawatt laser originating from Mercury. The trip takes forty years and the crew’s aging is retarded during the journey by a drug. Even with the drug, the trip is one way. One of the planets around Barnard’s Star is a Roche world–a pair of co-rotating planets close enough to share atmosphere.

The crew arrives at Barnard’s Star and first explores the moons of the largest planet, a large gas giant. This is just a teaser, as most of the book describes the exploration of the Roche world. Intelligent aliens are found, and they are friendly and quite alien in form.

The book is a bit of a mismash, and it seems too short for all the elements crammed in. First, it’s a hard sf description of the engineering of a light sail trip to a nearby star. Second, it’s a hard sf look at the exploration and potential discoveries in the Barnard’s Star system, including the bizarre and wonderful Roche double planet with it’s unique physics and geography. The first two elements here feel rushed.

The most jarring part of the book is the set up in the beginning. The description of how the crew is chosen for a lifelong expedition, and why people would choose to go isn’t realistic. The crew choice seems unbelievably cavalier and the decisions of the crew aren’t really part of the book, just papered over with ‘adventure, wheee!’.

Finally, the book is an great tale of first contact and the dangerous adventure of exploring a new planet. This is the heart of the book and is well-told. This isn’t the best written book, but it has so many unique elements that it succeeds as great hard sf.

Word cloud for Flight of the Dragonfly

Picks from other’s lists of influential books

Tuesday, March 30th, 2010

I’m always looking for good books, so I sorted through other people’s lists of 10 most influential books and consolidated them. The notes I included are mostly notes from the original lists.

Philosophy & Political philosophy
The Federalist Papers, by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.
Democracy in America by Alexis de Tocqueville.
The Open Society and its Enemies by Karl Popper.
John Stuart Mill, Autobiography. (This got me thinking about how one’s ideas change, and should change, over the course of a lifetime. Plus Mill is a brilliant thinker and writer more generally.)
Bertrand Russell (my addition, not on anyone’s list)

Plato, Dialogues.
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War.
The Meditations by Marcus Aurelius (Hay’s translation).
Letters from a Stoic by Seneca.
Niccolò Machiavell’s The Prince.
The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico by Bernal Diaz del Castillo.
On War by Carl Von Clausewitz.
more George Orwell–Homage to Catalonia, The Road to Wigan Pier.
Churchill’s history of the Second World War.
The Art of Memory by Frances A. Yates. (History of an ancient mental technique for orators, up to its graphical importance for pre-science in the early modern period.)

 

History
Battle Cry Of Freedom by James MacPherson.
Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America by Garry Wills. (Presented a way of thinking about “liberalism” and “conservatism” in the American context that I don’t think anyone has yet been able to refute. More than that, it’s also a tour de force, linking the history of America, the nature of rhetoric, and the meaning of democracy and constitutionalism together into a single, succinct argument.)

The Presence of the Past: Essays on the State and the Constitution by Sheldon S. Wolin. (Like a deeply planted time bomb, this book’s various observations and arguments (mostly about Tocqueville and the Federalists and Anti-Federalists) kept coming to me, suddenly making sense, while thinking about community or politics or government or religion or philosophy or just about anything else, years and years after my advisor first recommended it to me.)

The Power Broker by Robert Caro.
Fear and Loathing: On the Campaign Trail ’72, by Hunter S. Thompson.
Before the Storm, by Rick Perlstein. (The rise of Barry Goldwater and movement conservatism in the early 60s).

 

Economics
Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith.
The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx.
The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money by John Maynard Keynes. (Keynes is one of the greatest thinkers of economics and there are new ideas on virtually every page.)
Micromotives and Macrobehavior by Thomas Schelling.
The Undercover Economist by Tim Harford.
The Incredible Bread Machine, by Susan Love Brown, et.al.

A Farewell to Alms by Gregory Clark.
Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt.
The Long Tail by Chris Anderson. (There is not much that needs to be said about this book other than it defines current net economics. There’s the head of the tail which is the stuff you find in Borders, and the tail, which is the infinite inventory on Amazon.)

 

Modern
How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell Huff.
Mathematics in the Modern World: Readings from Scientific American by Morris Kline
Visualizing Data by William S. Cleveland. (This book presents a set of graphical methods for displaying data. Does it ever. Cleveland shows you how it’s done in practice and wrote the software that lets you code it yourself.)

The Quark and the Jaguar by Murray Gell-Mann. (QM and modern physics).

Why Buildings Fall Down by Matthys Levy and Mario Salvadori.
How Buildings Learn by Stewart Brand.
Death and Life of Great American Cities by Jane Jacobs.

Rebel Without a Crew: Or How a 23-Year-Old Filmmaker With $7,000 Became a Hollywood Player by Robert Rodriguez.

Code Complete by Steve McConnell.
The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by Eric S Raymond. (me–I might have already read this, and certainly absorbed the ideas.)

Vagabonding: An Uncommon Guide to the Art of Long-Term World Travel by Rolf Potts.

Life’s Devices by Steven Vogel. (This is a book about biomechanics but also, and more importantly, a terrific introduction to what is means to do science.)
Ravens in Winter by Bernd Heinrich. (Heinrich follows ravens around in Vermont, trying to figure out why the hell they would share carrion they find. I’d recommend this book to anyone.)
The Chimpanzees of Gombe, In the Shadow of Man, by Jane Goodall.
Plagues and Peoples by William McNeill.

Boyd: The Fight Pilot who Changed the Art of War by Robert Coram.

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. (me–Heard enough about it, and it’s been absorbed into the culture, that it doesn’t feel urgent to read it. But seeing the details and situation when she wrote would be interesting.)

The Omnivore’s Dilemma by Michael Pollan.
Hell’s Angels by Hunter S. Thompson.

 

Biography
My Bondage and My Freedom by Frederick Douglass.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Malcolm X and Alex Haley.
Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow.
Thomas Moody by Michael Davitt (Biography of an Irish patriot).

 

Business/Self-help
The Four Hour Workweek by Tim Ferriss.
The Ropes to Skip and the Ropes to Know by Richard Ritti and G. Ray Funkhouser.
How To Win Friends And Influence People by Dale Carnegie. (It’s a timeless classic–highly recommend it.)

 

Fiction
One Thousand and One Nights.
Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes.
Dracula by Bram Stoker.
Jonathan Swift. (me–Not sure which book.)
Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman.
The Big Sleep by Raymond Chandler.
Mother Night by Kurt Vonnegut.
The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood.
The Caves of Steel by Isaac Asimov.

 

Other
The Dark Knight Returns by Frank Miller.
The Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons.
The Sandman series by Neil Gaiman.

 

Not mentioned but on my to read list:
A Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft (1792).

Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War Two (Detailed ordinary peoples’ accounts of the country’s involvement in World War II). Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression, Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do.
The New Science of Strong Materials: Or why you don’t fall through the floor by J E Gordon.
War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage by Lawrence H. Keeley.
Houdini!!! by Ken Silverman.
Military Blunders: The how and why of military failure by Saul David.

 

Skipped on most/all lists:
Dewey, anarchists, science, Renaissance writers, biographies, Malthus, The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin.

 

On multiple lists but unappealing to me:
Plutarch
philosophy
religious texts
Analects of Confucius
Thomas Aquinas
Rene Descartes
Edmund Burke
Sigmund Freud (me–a pseudoscientific fraud interesting today mainly as a historical and curtural oddity).
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon.
Leo Tolstoy
Dostoyevky
Charles Dickens
Ayn Rand
Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose.
The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan.
The Structure of Scientific Revolution by Thomas Kuhn. (me–Heard the thumbnail version).
Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk.
Animal Liberation by Peter Singer.
Joseph Campbell, The Power of Myth (me–Heard the thumbnail version, suffered through all six Star Wars movies).
Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray’s The Bell Curve. (me–Instead I read Gould’s The Mismeasure of Man).
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, by Julian Jaynes. (me–wrong).
everything else written before 1800.

Update:

(5/10) How to Solve It (1945) by George Pólya. Mathematician explains how to solve problems.