Cavalcade of Mammals

The Singularity in Our Past Light-Cone

The Specialist Is Now You. What AI enabled yesterday was a benchmark number. What AI enabled today is the individual, working alone, owning the whole pipeline from raw sequence to mechanistic call. by Justin Johnson, Apr 21, 2026
“I reproduced Goodfire’s mechanistic variant-effect pipeline on cancer genes over a weekend. One box. Open weights. The payoff shows up whether or not the clinic is ready for it.”

From mice to ‘gym rats’: Unregulated use of peptides raises alarm among researchers
BPC-157: BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide originally isolated from gastric juice and has demonstrated regenerative properties across numerous animal models. It activates several overlapping pathways, notably VEGFR2 and nitric oxide synthesis via the Akt-eNOS axis, promoting angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and neuromuscular stabilization. It also engages ERK1/2 signaling, facilitates endothelial and muscle repair, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. These effects promote angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and neuromuscular stabilization, particularly in poorly vascularized tissues such as tendons and myotendinous junctions.

TB-500: The peptide segment (17)LKKTETQ(23) is the active site within the protein thymosin β(4) responsible for actin binding, cell migration and wound healing. The key ingredient of TB-500 is the peptide LKKTETQ with artificial acetylation of the N-terminus. TB-500 is claimed to promote endothelial cell differentiation, angiogenesis in dermal tissues, keratinocyte migration, collagen deposition and decrease inflammation.

KPV: C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH, which lacks the entire sequence motif required for binding to any of the known MC-Rs, retains almost all of the anti-inflammatory capacity of the full hormone, but in its activities display a lack of any pigmentory action. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator. The anti-inflammatory effects of α-MSH can be elicited via melanocortin receptors (MC-Rs) broadly expressed in a number of tissues ranging from the central nervous system to cells of the immune system and on resident somatic cells of peripheral tissues. α-MSH affects various pathways regulating inflammatory responses such as NF-κB activation, expression of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, chemokine receptors, T-cell proliferation and activity and inflammatory cell migration. In vivo α-MSH has been shown to be anti-inflammatory as well in animal models of fever, irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, cutaneous vasculitis, fibrosis, in ocular, gastrointestinal, brain and allergic airway inflammation and arthritis.

epitalon: tetrapeptide, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG), which was synthesized based on the amino acids composition of Epithalamin, a bovine pineal gland extract, prior to its discovery in pineal gland polypeptide complex solution. Significant geroprotective and neuroendocrine effects of Epitalone, resulting from its antioxidant, neuro-protective, and antimutagenic effects, originating from both specific and nonspecific mechanisms. Although it has been demonstrated that Epitalon exerts, among other effects, a direct influence on melatonin synthesis, alters the mRNA levels of interleukin-2, modulates the mitogenic activity of murine thymocytes, and enhances the activity of various enzymes, including AChE, BuChE, and telomerase, it remains uncertain whether these are the sole mechanisms of action of this compound.

Semax: Synthetic heptapeptide, ACTH(4–10) analog (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro). Increases BDNF (1.4-fold) and trkB phosphorylation (1.6-fold); modulates dopamine/serotonin systems; enhances neuroplasticity and antioxidant pathways Cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, stroke recovery, anxiety reduction.

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C (MOTS-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide composed of 16 amino acids encoded by the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. The MOTS-c protein is transferred to the nucleus during metabolic stress and directs the expression of nuclear genes to promote cell balance.

emideltide / DSIP: neuropeptide found in the hypothalamus and named for its ability to promote delta wave, or slow wave, sleep in rodent studies. May increase endogenous GH secretion and modulate stress-related hormonal responses. Sleep enhancement, hormonal regulation, stress resilience. Mechanism: hypothalamic GH release, mitochondrial biogenesis.